Fibroblast

Fibroblasts are the most common cells in connective tissue, responsible for synthesising and maintaining the extracellular matrix (ECM). They produce collagen, elastin, fibronectin, glycosaminoglycans, and proteoglycans, creating the architectural framework that gives tissues their mechanical properties. Fibroblasts are activated by tissue injury, migrating to wound sites where they proliferate and produce new ECM. In skin, dermal fibroblasts maintain firmness and elasticity, with declining function contributing to wrinkle formation. GHK-Cu has been extensively studied for stimulating fibroblast activity, increasing collagen synthesis, decorin production, and the expression of tissue-remodelling enzymes (MMPs and TIMPs) that replace damaged collagen with fresh fibres.